perm filename SCORE.LCS[UP,DOC]4 blob
sn#138574 filedate 1975-01-02 generic text, type T, neo UTF8
00100 **************** SCORE MANUAL (NEW VERSION)****************** DEC. 1974
00200
00300
00400 ********** SECTION 1 **********
00500
00600
00700 The program 'SCORE' creates note lists for the PDP10 sound generation
00800 program.
00900
01000 'SCORE' accomodates several instruments with 30 parameters per
01100 instrument. To take full advantage of this program an initialization
01200 file must be read into the sound program giving values for musical
01300 note letters, etc. The file 'NOTES' has the necessary material.
01400
01500 You must create the input file for 'SCORE' with an editor program.
01600 The name of the file can use no more than five letters and the first
01700 letter must not be Z. The output of SCORE will use the same name,
01800 but with the first letter changed to Z, plus the extension .DAT.
01900
02000 Input for each parameter must end with a semicolon. Comments may be
02100 typed after the sign < . lines under 'EDIT' or 'INSERT' do not need a
02200 semicolon. 'RUN;' will end the note list. Entries under 'TAP' are
02300 best left without the semicolon. In general, lines should include no
02400 more than 72 characters before comments. All lines must begin in
02500 column one. All blank lines will be ignored. Generally commas and =
02600 will be equivalent to blanks.
02700
02800
03600 The first line should contain name of instrument 1, followed by its
03700 begin time and duration. An instrument name cannot use more than 5
03800 characters.
03900
04000 The begin time is given in seconds. If no duration is given, a
04100 'FINE' must appear at the end of one of the lists of items entered
04200 for that instrument. (see Sec. 5.) The duration may be set in seconds
04300 or number of notes.
04400
04500 SECONDS: If only 2 numbers are typed, the 2nd will set the end
04600 time, in seconds, for that instrument.
04700
04800 NUMBER OF NOTES: If the duration is to be set in terms of the
04900 total number of notes, type the begin time, the instrument number and
05000 the total number of notes for that instrument.
05100
05200 Example:
05300
05600 BUZZ 0,32; Inst1 is BUZZ, BG time=0", duration=32".
05700 (data for 'BUZZ' follows.)
05800
05900 ZAP 2,28; Inst2, BG time=2", last note will start before
06000 time 28". (data for 'ZAP' follows.)
06100
06200 ZAP2 0 3,42; Inst3 is ZAP2, BGtime=0", duration=42 notes.
06300 (data for 'ZAP2' follows.)
06400
06500 HISS ; Inst4 begins at time 0". It ends when an item list ends.
06600 (see pg5).
06700 (data for 'HISS' follows.)
06800
06900 Note that when the duration is given in seconds it means only that
07000 the last note to be played by that instrument will begin no later
07100 than the indicated duration. It can often happen that the duration
07200 of the last note can extend beyond the given total duration. This is
07300 almost certain to happen when random note durations are used. If the
07400 precise ending time is crucial it must be carefully checked.
07500
07600 Later changes in parameter data for an instrument must be preceded by
07700 the instrument name and the time at which that data change will take
07800 effect. If the time is to be in seconds, only one number should
07900 appear.
08000 If the data is to start on a specific note, type an
08100 instrument number and the particular note number of that instrument
08200 desired.
08300
08400
08500
08600
08700
08800
08900
09000
09100
09200
09300
09400
09500
09600
09700
09800
09900
10000
10100
10200
10300
10400
10500
10600
10700
10800
10900
11000
11100
11200
11300 RESTART:
11400
11500 Sometimes is may be desireable to restart an instrument after an
11600 extended rest. If the exact duration of the rest is known it is best
11700 simply to enter the rest as a minus number in P2 (see Sec.4).
11800 However, if the duration of the rest is not easy to predict because
11900 of the use of random selection or other reasons, the instrument may
12000 be 'restarted'. In this case the instrument name (using at least 5
12100 spaces) must be followed by the word 'RESTART' and the then the 2 or
12200 3 numbeers needed to establish this new begin time and duration, as
12300 noted above.
12400
12500 When this feature is used this instrument name will be given the next
12600 available number in the instrument list (up to 27) and any references
12700 to it after the restart time must use this new number.
12800
12900 Example:
13000 TOOT 0 20; TOOT will play for at least 20"
13100 - - -
13200 - - -
13300 - - - ;END;
13400
13500 TOOT RESTART 28 0 15; TOOT will restart at time 28"
13600 - - - and play 15 more notes.
13700 - - -
13800 - - - ;END;
13900
14000
14100 In specifying the parameters for your instruments, P3 is best
14200 reserved for center frequency and P4 for amplitude. (See sect. 12)
14300 %t,,,,2 After the entries for each begin time are complete, the word
14400 'END' must appear before another instrument is dealt with. 'RUN;' may
14500 replace 'END;' if there is no more data to come. 'RUN' must be the
14600 last item of the note list.
14700
14800 Example: BUZZ 3,13; data begins on note 13 of instrument 3.
14900 (i.e. ZAP2)
15000 --
15100 -- END ; End this data for BUZZ
15200 RUN ; No more data. run the score.
15300
00100
00200 ********** SECTION 2 **********
00300
00400 If data for a parameter is to remain the same for several notes it
00500 should be entered as follows:
00600
00700 P5 .73; P5 will be .73 until changed.
00800 P6 100.2;
00900 P3 CS5; P3, C# of the 5th octave.(notes of the
01000 tempered scale used are from C1(=lowest C on
01100 piano keyboard)to B7(=highest B). S=#, F=b
01200 P7 "10*P5"; Any string surrounded by quotes will be
01300 literally reproduced in the score.
01400 P9 P6; P9 will always have the same data as P6. No
01500 quotes needed. (See also "reserved number"
01600 below.)
01700 P8 F14; F14 remains until changed. (F1 through F15
01800 be used. For higher function numbers use
01900 quotes: ("F19")
02000
02100 ****Note that any F that appears in this context will be
02200 taken as a function number. The pitch class F may
02300 not appear as a single item unless it is surrounded
02400 by quotes. ("F")
02500
02600 The highest parameter number used by the instrument must appear in
02700 the data list even if its input is to be a zero.
02800
02900 Example:
03000
03100 P2 1; ***** SLASHES (also see Sec.12) ****
03200 P3 C4; All this data could appear on one line.
03300 e.g. P2 1; P3 C4; P5 100; P7 0; END;
03400 P5 100; P4 will be zero
03500 P7 0; P6 will also be zero
03600 END ;
03700
03800 ****Reserved number!! 9999.PN (PN=parameter number) If you wish to
03900 repeat data found in any previously set parameter, you may type P and
04000 the parameter number or 9999 plus the parameter number in hundredths.
04100
04200 Example: P13 9999.04; Whatever is found in P4 will appear
04300 in P13. ('P13 P4;' is the same.)
04400 P14 9999.10; or P14 P10; repeats P10
04500
04600 Because of this you may not type in any numbers greater than 9998 and
04700 have them reproduced as such. (Except with 'LITERAL'. see below.)
04800 (Also see 'REP' on Sec. 6.)
04900
05000
05100
05200
05300
05400
05500
05600
05700
05800
05900
06000 ******* Following is an example of a complete page of input. ******
06100
06400 TOOT 0 1 8; < BG time=0, inst 1 plays 8 notes.
06500
06600 P2 RHY/8/16//8//4//2; < Rhythm is 8th, 2 16ths, 2 8ths, 2 quarters,
06700 half. See section 4 and following for use
06800 of 'RHY', 'NOTES', etc.
06900
07000 P3 NOTES/C4/D/E/F/G/A/B/C5; < Scale goes up from middle C.
07100
07200 P4 500; P5 F1; END;< Ampl(P4)=500, envelope is sostenuto (F1).
07300
07400
07500 CLAR 0 2 5; P2 RHY/4 X 4/2; < 4 quarters and 1 half.
07600
07700 P3 NOTES/C3/A/F/G/C;<Bass notes
07800
07900 P4 450; P5 F2; END;< F2 will give semi-staccato.
08000
08100 TEMPO/ 96 ; < MM=96
08200
08300 RUN;
08400
00100 ********** SECTION 3 **********
00200
00300 ***** RANDOM SELECTION *****
00400
00500 If random selection is desired, type at least 3 numbers after the
00600 parameter number. The first number will be a percentage (as 1
00700 [=100%] or .76 [=76%]) and the next two will set the limits of the
00800 random selection. e.g. '1 200,300' means 100% of the time a number
00900 between 200 and 300 will be chosen. Several random selection ranges
01000 may be typed for a single parameter, but
01100
01200
01300 →→→→→only two lines of 72 characters each may be used.←←←←←
01400 If a second line is needed, the first one must not end with ;
01500
01600 Care must be taken that the sum of the first numbers of each set of 3
01700 is exactly 1 (=100%).
01800
01900 In the following example for P5, 50% of the time a number between 20
02000 and 100 will be chosen, 10% of the time between 0 and .7, 10% of the
02100 time the number 200, 25% of the time between 107 and 115 and 5% of
02200 the time the number 1000.
02300
02400 P5 .5 20,100 .1 0,.7 .1 200,200 .25 107,115 .05 1000,1000;
02500 (71 spaces used.)
02600
02700 If random selection of tempered scale notes is desired, use note
02800 names instead of numbers.
02900
03000 Example:
03100
03200
03300 P3 .5 C2,C3 .2 FS4,FS .3 D6,F;< If no octave number is given, the
03400 last listed applies.
03500
03600 (Function numbers may not be dealt with in the above manner.)
03700
03800 Individual literal statements may be selected at random using the
03900 following form.
04000
04100 P7 .2 "P3*100" .3 "440" .5 "P3+P6**2";
04200
04300 The strings are surrounded by quotes and may have any number of
04400 characters. The percentage numbers in the example above must add up
04500 to 1 (100%) and and all such random data must appear on a single
04600 line. Data consisting of ordinary numbers, or notes cannot be mixed
04700 with literal strings.
04800
04900 ***** P31 RANDOM TEMPO FACTOR *****
05000
05100 When P31 is set, the number will represent the maximum time
05200 deviation, + or -, of the note duration numbers found in P2. Note
05300 that the deviation is in terms of BASIC TIME, hence a tempo change
05400 will not produce a change in the range of deviation. Check carefully
05500 the results of using P31.
05600
05700 Example: P31 .06;< Up to 6/100" random tempo deviation.
05800
05900 The 'ALL' feature does not! work with P31.
06000
06100
06200 ***** P32 RANDOM RESTS *****
06300
06400 Random rests may be entered by calling for parameter P32. Any
06500 number from 0 to 1. (0% to 100%) may be typed.
06600
06700 Example: P32 .15;
06800
06900 If .15 is typed, a random selection of 15% of the notes of that
07000 instrument will have rests of durations set by P2. The 'MOVE' feature
07100 (explained later) may be used with P32.
07200
00100 ********** SECTION 4 **********
00200
00300 ********** SPECIAL CODE WORDS **********
00400
00500 RHYTHM; (RH) [acceptable minimum abbreviations]
00600 NOTES; (NO)
00700 NUMBERS; (NU)
00800 FUNCTIONS; (FU)
00900 RLIST; (RL) Sequential list of random num ranges.
01000 RNOTES; (RN) Sequential list of random note ranges.
01100 MOVE; (M) The code word must immediately
01200 MOVX; (MX) follow the parameter number.
01300 LITERAL; (L)
01400 DF; Example: P2 RHY;
01500 REPEAT; (RE) OR (X)
01600 TAP; (T)
01700 RTAP; (RT)
01800 SUBN;
01900 SUBL;
02000 QUAD;
02100 QUADX;
02200 QUADF;
02300 QUADFX;
02400
02500 *********** RHY (FOR MUSICAL RHYTHMIC TERMINOLOGY) ***********
02600
02700 Entries under 'RHY' will always be in terms of the fractional part of
02800 a whole note. Thus '4' represents a quarter note, '16' a 16th note,
02900 '12' an 8th note triplet, etc. For dotted rhythms add dots to
03000 numbers. Composites are entered by typing up to 5 numbers. To enter
03100 a double dotted 8th note, type /8../, a dotted half tied to the first
03200 of a triplet, /2.,12/, etc.
03300
03400 If several notes in a row have the same rhythm, type 'VALUE X N'
03500 (where 'VALUE' is up to 5 numbers representing a rhythmic duration, X
03600 is for 'TIMES' and 'N' is the number of equal values). Thus to repeat
03700 15 dotted quarter notes, type /4. X 15/.
03800
03900 Complete rythmic units must be separated by slashes. If no new entry
04000 appears between slashes (or a slash and a semicolon) the last entry
04100 will be repeated for each slash. Several lines may be used. Each
04200 line but the last must end with a slash. The last line of a list
04300 must end with ;. The semicolon may serve the double purpose of a
04400 slash and the end of the string of entries.
04500
04600 Example: 4///8 X 9/2/; < 3 quarters, 9 eighths, 2 half notes.
04700
04800 -----------------------------------------------
04900 Any group of varied rhythms may be repeated several times by entering
05000 'REP' or 'X' and N1,N2. N1 will be the number of entries involved
05100 and N2 will be the total number of times the group will occur. If no
05200 2nd number appears, N2=2.
05300
05400 Example: 4/8 X 5/2./REP 7,3/2; The group of 7 rhythms,
05500 1 quarter, 5 eighths and a dotted half will play 3 times.
05600
05700 Here 'REP' and 'X' are interchangeable and may also be used with
05800 lists under 'NOTES','FUNC' and 'NUM'.
05900
06000 Type ';' to terminate a string of rhythmic entries before listing
06100 data for another parameter.
06200
06300 For rests, the first number appearing must be negative. A whole note
06400 rest plus a 16th rest would be entered as /-1,16/. Rests may also be
06500 entered with 'NOTES'.
06600
06700 If fewer rhythms are entered than are required to make up the whole
06800 duration of a section, the series given will loop until some new data
06900 is entered. This will work the same way for any sequential lists of
07000 data.
07100 xxx TEMPO xxx
07200 The tempo may be set for each instrument separately under P2, or for
07300 all parts at once (the preferred method) after all other data is
07400 entered. See SECTION 11 regarding use of TEMPO.
07425
07437
07450 If the tempo is to be set under 'P2 RHY;' use the following
07500 procedures.
07600
07700 Normally, 3 numbers will be given on each line. N1=duration N2=tempo
07800 at start of dur. N3=tempo at end of dur. Up to 30 changes may be
07900 made at a time. The tempo may be set in either of two ways.
08000 Conventional metronome numbers may be used, (I.e. mm=the number of
08100 quarter notes per minute), or the tempo may be set in terms of 'tempo
08200 factors'. The 'tempo factor' 1 is equivalent to mm=60. 'Tempo
08300 factors' must be less than 10, 'mm' numbers must be greater than 11.
08400 If only one number is given after 'TEMPO' it will be taken as a fixed
08500 tempo, not as a duration.
08600
08700 Example: TEMPO/ 96 ; < mm=96 unless changed at some later time.
08800
08900 If you type 11 45 120, the tempo will shift from the first tempo to
09000 the second tempo during the course of the number of quarter notes
09100 given. (The numbers 11 .75 2 will be taken as 'tempo factors' and
09200 produce exactly the same results.) If you type two numbers, a third
09300 number will be assumed as the same as the second number.
09400
09500 Example:P2 RHY;
09600 TEMPO/10 84 112/ <Changes from mm=84 to mm=112
09700 in 10 quarter notes.
09800 5 112/ < Tempo will remain at 112 for 5 quarters.
09900 108; < Tempo will stay at 108. must end with '*; <'.
10000 4/8//4/16/ < Rhythm data must follow immediately.
10100
10200 (Note: It is probably more convenient to set the tempo changes for
10300 all parts at once with the 'TEMPO' feature described on page 17. If
10400 this is done it is best to omit 'TEMPO' data under 'P2 RHY;'. If
10500 'TEMPO' is not mentioned, mm=60.)
10600
10700
00100 ********** SECTION 5 **********
00200
00300 ************ NOTES (do not use with P2) *************
00400
00500 Use this code word to enter note letters.
00600
00700 When the file 'NOTES' has been read into the music program, the
00800 program will understand the tempered scale as follows. 'C4'=middle
00900 C, 'C3'=1 octave below,(prints as C/2) 'C2' =two octaves
01000 below,(prints C/4) 'C1'=three octaves below, 'C5'=one octave above,
01100 'C6'=two octaves above, etc. 'CS'=C#,'GS'=G#, 'AF'=Ab, 'EF'=Eb,
01200 etc. If a rest is desired, type 'R' (with 'NOTES' only).
01300
01400 Example: P3 NOTES/
01500 C4/CS/R/D/DS//E// < Last 2 entries each play twice.
01600 F X 6/ < 6 F's.
01700 REP 7,4; < Last 7 entries play 4 times. ';' ends the
01800 list.
01900
02000 Each octave is taken as starting with the note C. Normally, the
02100 octave number, once given, will stick until a new octave number
02200 appears. Thus, to move a 1/2 step B to C, /B3/C4/B3/C4/ must be
02300 typed, whereas /E4/F/E/F/ also gives 1/2 steps.
02400
02500 A different, "PROXIMITY", mode may be used by typing 'P' in front of
02600 the 1st note entered. This mode automatically chooses the following
02700 octave numbers so as to produce the smallest intervals between notes.
02800 /P B3/C/B/C/ gives 1/2 steps.
02900
03000 In this mode, skips up or down of greater than a perfect 4th must
03100 include an octave number.
03500
03600 PROXIMITY mode may be left by typing 'O' (for ordinary) in front of a
03700 note and its octave number. /O B3/C/ gives a major 7th.
03800
03900
04000 If no duration is earlier specified (see pg 1) the list in 'NOTES'
04100 must end with the word 'FINE'. 'FINE' may be used with 'NOTES',
04200 'NUM', 'FUNC' OR 'LIT'.
04300
04400 Example: P3 NOTES/A5/G/FS4/D/B3/FINE;
04500 'FINE' ends NOTES (and sets duration at that point.)
04600
04700
04800
04900
05000
05100
05200
05300
05400
05500
05600
05700 ************* LIT (do not use with P2) *************
05800
05900 All literal data must be surrounded by quotes. Entries must be
06000 separated by slashes and all lines must end with a semicolon. Extra
06100 slashes will repeat items, but 'X' or 'REP' may not be used for
06200 repeats. However, as with 'NOTES', 'RHY', 'NUM' and 'FUNC', any
06300 series of entries will loop until changed at some later begin time.
06400 The series of literal items must be ended with a ';'.
06500
06600 Example: P12 LIT/
06700 "P4*2" ///"P4*3"/"P5/3"/ < First item will be used 3
06800 times.
06900 "P11+5"/",-52"; < A negative value must be preceded by
07000 a comma in any literal data.
07100
07200 ("A"// or "A"/; will cause the 'A' to appear twice.)
07300
07400
07500 *************** NUM (use with any parameter) *************
07600
07700 This works exactly the same way as 'NOTES' except that numbers only!
07800 may be typed. 'NUM' is useful in setting strings of note durations
07900 or amplitudes without regard to musical terminology. (9999.PN may be
08000 used here. see page 2.)
08100
08200 Example: P5 NUM/100/200//300 X 10/
08300 452/9999.04//500; < 9999.04 repeats whatever is in P4
08400 ';' ends the list.
08500
08600 ********** FUNC (do not use with P2) **********
08700
08800 This works as above. Functions 1 through 15 are available. Do not!
08900 use 'F' with the function numbers in this case only!
09000
09100 Example: P7 FUNC/3//4 X 4/5/REP 3,2; <=F3,F3,F4,F4,F4,F4,F5,F4,F4,F5.
09200 ';' ends the list.
09300
00100
00200 ********** SECTION 6 **********
00300
00400 ***** RLIST (RANDOM LIST OF NUMBERS) *****
00500
00600 With RLIST a sequential list of random selection ranges of ordinary
00700 numbers may be entered. The list is terminated by a ';'.
00800
00900 ***** The repeat of a unit by means of a slash may be used but
01000 REP must !!not!! used. 'Motives' are possible. (See Sec.7)
01100
01200 EXAMPLE: P4 RLIST/50,200//1000,1000/700,900;
01300
01400
01500 ***** RNOTES (RANDOM LIST OF NOTES) *****
01600
01700 RNOTES has the same features as above but using note names for the
01800 ranges.
01900
02000 EXAMPLE: P3 RNOTES/C4,CS/E,GS//B,F5/D3,D;
02100
02200
02300
02400 ***** REP or X (N1,N2,N3); *****
02500
02600 'REP' or 'X' is used to repeat any previously entered data into the
02700 current parameter. In the following examples assume that 'ZAP' is
02800 instrument 2.
02900
03000 If no number follows 'REP', data of the same parameter number of the
03100 previous instrument will be repeated. If one number is used, it will
03200 be a parameter number of the previous instrument. If 2 numbers
03300 appear, the second will be an instrument number. A 3rd number will
03400 cause the data to be repeated for all following instruments through
03500 the number given.
03600
03700 Example:ZAP ;
03800 P2 REP; < P2 of ZAP will have same data as P2 of previous inst.
03900 P5 REP 7; < Repeats data of P7, previous inst.
04000 P8 REP 5,2; < Repeats data of P5, inst 2.
04100 (i.e. ZAP. See below re.';')
04200 P9 X 4,1 5; < P4, inst1, repeats in this and all insts up
04300 to inst 5.
04400 P10 X 6,3; < Repeats P6 data, inst3
04500 (This data must already have appeared above.)
04600
04700 →→→→→→N.B. Use REP with MOVE data only! if the begin times of the
04800 instruments involved are the same. See Sec. 10 for other
04900 information regarding 'REP'. (Also see 'DUPL', Sec. 10.)
05000
05100 To repeat data from one parameter to another within a single
05200 instrument the semicolon (or slash) alone may be used.
05300
05400 Example: P12 1.23; < No other data may appear between this and
05500 the next line.
05600 P7 ; < Repeats data of P12. Be sure a space precedes
05700 ';'.
05800
05900 When using any kind of random selection 'REP' will repeat the limits
06000 of selection only, not the particular choices made.
06100 To repeat the choices themselves use '9999.PN' (See Sec. 2).
06200
06300
06400 Example: P4 1 10,100; < P4 chooses a number between 10 and 100.
06500 P12 9999.04; <The choice of P4 will also appear in P12.
06600 (or P12 P4;)
06700
00100 ********** SECTION 7 **********
00200
00300 *********** MOTIVIC REPEATS [ ( ), @, $, - ] **********
00400
00500
00600 When any motivic group of items appearing in RHY, NUM, NOTES, FUNC,
00700 LIT or DF is to be used several times the group may be associated
00800 with any letter of the alphabet by surrounding it with parentheses
00900 The identifying letter must precede the left parenthesis and the
01000 right parenthesis must follow the last item to be included in the
01100 group.
01200
01300 Example: P3 NOTES/A4/ Q (BF/D5/F/D )/ G4/ etc.
01400
01500 From this point on the motive Bb-D-F-D may be entered by simply
01600 typing / @Q /. The '@' sign must always immediately precede the
01700 identifying letter. When '@' is used, other than the single letter,
01800 only the *, which ends a string, may also appear between those
01900 slashes. However the various repeat features may be applied
02000 thereafter. / @Q/REP 2/ would create /BF4/D5/F/D/F/D/, i.e. the last
02100 two items of 'Q' would be repeated.
02200
02300 In the above example @Q could also be used in any following
02400 instrument to enter that sequence of notes.
02500
02600
02700 It is possible to nest motives. In the following 'X' will include
02800 'Q'.
02900
03000 Example: / X (E4/ @Q / E )/
03100
03200 →→→→→→→→ N.B. In this case the octave (5) number of the last item of
03300 the Q motive will never carry over into the next note. Rather, the
03400 last actual number given (4) will hold until changed.
03500
03600 In the following, motive 'J' will include motives 'M' and 'K'.
03700
03800 /J( M( E4/G/A )/ B/K( BF/C5/D )/ F )/
03900 | |________| |_________| |
04000 |________________________________|
04100
04200 N.B. No more than 2! left parentheses may be open at one time. The
04300 right parentheses always will close off the nearest left parenthesis
04400 which is still open.
04500
04600 XXXXXXXX TRANSPOSITION XXXXXXXXXXX
04700
04800 MOTIVIC TRANSFORMATIONS may be created in several ways. A number may
04900 be added after the identifier. /@Q 12/, /@Q -5/, /@T .3/
05000 If the motive is appearing in NOTES the number will refer to the
05100 number of 1/2 steps transposition to be made. In the 1st case above
05200 the notes of Q would now appear 8va higher; in the 2nd case, a
05300 perfect 4th down (-5 1/2 steps.)
05400
05500 XXXXXXXXX AUGMENTATION, DIMINUTION XXXXXXXXX
05600
05700 If the motive appears in RHYTHM, NUMBERS or DF, the added number will
05800 become a multiplier. If 'T' were established as follows:
05900
06000 p7 NUM/ T(111/ 222 / 300 ) ;
06100
06200 /@T .3/ would produce / 33.3 / 66.6 / 100 /.
06300
06400 ***** Note that any multiplier in the time or rhythmic domain will
06500 simply multiply the note durations. Thus a 3 would make all notes 3
06600 times longer, .333 would make them 1/3 as long.
06700
06800
06900 XXXXXXXXXX RETROGRADE MOTION XXXXXXXXXX
07000
07100 Motives may be used in retrograde motion by simply typing '-' before
07200 the identifier. /@-Q/ causes motive Q to be played backwards.
07300
07400
07500 XXXXXXXXXX INVERSION XXXXXXXXXXX
07600
07700 When using NOTES it is possible to invert motives by inserting '$'
07800 before the identifier. /@$Q/ will give an exact intervallic
07900 inversion of motive Q. If Q included the notes /C4/D/EF/, /@$Q/
08000 would produce /C4/BF3/A/. Note that if the retrograde is used at the
08100 same time as '$', the inversion will turn on the last note of the
08200 original motive. Thus /@$-Q/ produces /EF4/FF/GF/ (i.e. Eb,Fb,Gb).
08300
08400 Transposition may be done at the same time! /@$-Q -6/ means that Q
08500 will be inverted, played backwards and the 1st note to be heard will
08600 be transposed down 6 1/2 steps (a tritone) from the original. Thus
08700 the notes will be /A3/BF/C4/.
08800
00100 ********** SECTION 8 **********
00200
00300 **************** MOVE, MOVX *******************
00400
00500 MOVE may be used for gradual changes from one number (or note) to
00600 another or from one range of random selection to another. MOVE works
00700 on a straight line basis. Use MOVX if an exponential curve is
00800 desired.
00900
01000 If no random element is involved, 3 to 1 numbers may be typed on each
01100 line.
01200
01300 Example: P3 MOVE/3 C4,D5; < In 3" moves from C4 to D5.
01400 ';' ends MOVE. P3 will stay at D5.
01500 P4 MOVX/12 100,1000/ < In 12", moves exponentially from 10
01600 to 1000.
01700 10 1000,70; < In 10", from 1000 to 70. ';' Ends list.
01800 P4 stays at 70.
01900 P5 MOVE/15 1000/ < Stays at 1000 for 15".
02000 2500; < Holds at 2500 until end or later change.
02100
02200 For changing random ranges type 5 numbers on each line. You should
02300 type a duration (in seconds), a lower and upper limit for random
02400 selection at the beginning of the time and a lower and upper limit
02500 for random selection at the end of the duration given.
02600 When the durations given have passed, the parameter will continue to
02700 choose from the last selection range.
02800
02900 EXAMPLE: If you should want the amplitude to gradually increase from
03000 any number between 200 and 300 up to the number 1200 over a period of
03100 15 seconds and then return to the range 300,350 over the next 10
03200 seconds type the following:
03300
03400 P4 MOVE/ < Upper limit moves from 300 to 1200, lower from 200
03500 1200.
03600 15 200,300 1200,1200/
03700 10 1200,1200 300,350/ < Now moves to new limits.
03800 ';' will end the list.
03900
04000 N.B. You may not! mix the 2 types of entries used with MOVE or MOVX.
04100 If any units contain 5 numbers, they all must!
04200
04300 MOVE (but not! MOVX!!) may also be used with 'P32'. In this case
04400 there will be no lower and upper limits involved. To gradually
04500 shift from no rests to 80% rests in 20 seconds, then back to 20%
04600 rests in the next 13 seconds type:
04700
04800 Example: P32 MOVE/20 0 .8 /13 .8 .2;
04900
05000 Note that the first time value in MOVE will start from whatever begin
05100 time was last given for that instrument regardless of the
05200 instrument's original begin time.
05300
05400 Example: ZAP 23.4; < Next data begins at time 23.4"
05500 P6 MOVE/
05600 12 100 350; <P6 moves from 100 to 350 during time 23.4
05700 to 35.4". ';' will end the list.
05800
05900
06000 ******* WARNING !!!! ********
06100
06200 Problems (round-off errors) can occur with MOVE begin times if the
06300 instrument does not have its first begin time at time 0. If a rest
06400 is needed as the first note for an instrument using MOVE it is best
06500 to put it into P2 and then have the instrument start at time 0.
06600
06700 Be sure to proof read carefully.
06800
00100 ********** SECTION 9 **********
00200
00300 ***** SUBL,(Subroutine,Letters), SUBN(Subroutine,Numbers) *****
00400
00500 A subroutine may be added to the 'SCORE' program to set values for P2
00600 through P30. This subroutine may be called from several different
00700 parameters. The codes 'SUBL', 'SUBN' determine the form of the
00800 output for the calling parameter. The heading for the subroutine
00900 must be exactly as follows:
01000
01100 SUBROUTINE SUBR
01200 COMMON /INS/ INST(27),BG(60)
01300 COMMON P(30),INUM,IPAR,CNT(27),BT,PL(48),IREST,DF
01400 C INST=INSTRUMENT NAME, BG=BEGIN TIME OF EACH INST.
01500 C INUM=INST# IPAR=PARAM# BT=BASIC TIME P1 WHEN SUBROUTINE IS
01600 C CALLED, IF IREST IS <0, THAT NOTE WILL BE A REST.
01700 C NOTE #S IN SUBROUTINE: (1-84) C4=37 FS4=43 C5=49 F1=86
01800 C F15=100 (NO F16!)
01900
02000 'CNT' is the note number for each instrument. (See 'INFO' for exact
02100 dimension .) 'BT' is the 'basic' begin time (i.e. uneffected by
02200 'TEMPO' or 'TF') of each note.
02300 To call the subroutine from any parameter type: P4 SUBN/P7 SUBL; etc.
02400 If the last parameter of an instrument calls the subroutine, all the
02500 other parameters may be reset in relation to each other in any way
02600 seen fit.
02700 The PL array is used to show the type of printout desired for each
02800 parameter. If there is to be no change from the original state, PL
02900 may be ignored. If you wish to change 'NOTES' input to a number, set
03000 PL(N) [N is the param. number] to 1.
03100
03200 P(3)=445.
03300 PL(3)=1. If P3 had been printing 'NOTES' data,
03400 at this point the number 445 would
03500 print.
03600
03700 To make the change to a 5 character literal printout, change PL(N) to
03800 3.
03900 P(5)='CS/4' Regardless of the original form of P5
04000 PL(5)=3. It will now print those characters.
04100 (up to 5)
04200
04300 →→→ never alter PL(2)!!! ←←←
04400
04500 If some interaction between instruments is desired there are many
04600 ways to move parameter information around. The use of dummy
04700 parameters (those which are not used in any instrument) which call
04800 the subroutine is a good way to store parameter data for later use.
04900
05000 !! Special problems with P2 !! If P2 is set with 'P2 SUBN;' all
05100 TEMPO changes will effect the note durations in the usual manner. If
05200 P2 is reset during any other subroutine calls TEMPO changes will not
05300 be effective. also 'duration' set in seconds may have to be adjusted
05400 to 'real time' values.
05500
05600
05700 The following subroutine is included in SCORE.DMP (which you get when
05800 you type R SCORE.) In order to use this routine P11 through P13 must
05900 not appear in the instrument since they are used to transmit numbers
06000 and to call the subroutine.
06100
06200 C***** THIS ROUTINE DIVIDES OCTAVE INTO ANY NUMBER OF EQUAL PARTS
06300
06400 SUBROUTINE SUBR
06500 COMMON /INS/ INST(27),BG(60)
06600 COMMON P(30),INUM,IPAR,CNT(27),BT,PL(48),IREST,DF
06700 C CALL SUBROUTINE FROM P12. P3 CAN BE NOTES OR NUMBS.
06800 X=P(3)
06900 IF(PL(3).EQ.1)GO TO 1
07000 X=30.868*2**(P(3)/12)
07100 C X=FREQ. IN HZ. BASED ON NOTE # IN P3 (OR GIVEN FREQ.)
07200 PL(3)=1.
07300 C THIS CAUSES FREQ. NUM TO PRINT INSTEAD OF LITERAL CHARACTERS.
07400 1 P(3)=X*2**(P(11)/P(12))
07500 C P12=# OF DIVISIONS OF THE OCTAVE. P11=CHROMATIC STEP IN THAT DIV.
07600 RETURN
07700 END
07800
07900 C STEPS ; TYPICAL INPUT FOR MICROTONE SUBROUTINE.
08000 C CLAR ; P2 .3; P3 A3; P4 1000; P5 F1; P7 F4; P10 1;
08100 C P11 NUM/0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/FINE;
08200 C P12 9 SUBN; END; OCTAVE IS DIVIDED INTO 9 PARTS.
08300
08400
08500 ****** QUADRAPHONIC FEATURES (WORK IN PROGRESS 6/74) *****
08600
08700 QUAD is for circles or arcs. QUADX is for straight lines using X, Y
08800 coordinates.
08900
09000 QUAD is a special set of subroutines which must be loaded
09100 with SCORE. The routines to be loaded are QUAD, QUADO, and SAVB.
09200 A QUAD call must be made in the first of any set of 5
09300 parameters. The word QUAD (or QUADX, etc.) must be followed by a
09400 space, slash (/). Other code words, such as MOVE, NUM, etc. can
09500 appear anywhere before the / but if ALL is used it must come before!
09600 QUAD. **** The 5th parameter must not! be used in your input.
09800
09900 QUAD will produce circles. The first parameter used will
10000 contain the position along the arc in degrees. (Usually a MOVE will
10100 also appear in this parameter.) The second parameter will contain the
10200 size of the radius. All distances used with QUAD will be in terms of
10300 an X, Y coordinate system where speaker A is at position -10,10,
10400 speaker B is at 10,10, speaker C is at 10,-10 and speaker D is at
10500 -10,-10. The third and fourth parameters will have the X and Y
10600 values for the location of the center of the circle. Hence if you
10700 wish a circle to go exactly through all four speakers, you should set
10800 the second parameter at 14.14 (the distance from the center to 10,10,
10900 etc.) and the third and fourth parameters to 0.
11000
11100 When using QUADX only the first two parameters are
11200 significant, the first being the X and the second the Y of the X, Y
11300 coordinate system. (The fifth parameter will always be wasted.)
11400
11500 If no F is included with QUAD or QUADX the numbers printed
11600 out by SCORE for the first through fifth parameter will be the
11700 multipliers for the amplitude in channels A, B, C and D and the
11800 multiplier to be applied to pitch input to produce the required
11900 Doppler shift. ***** In its present state, this form of QUAD can be
12000 used with only one! instrument at a time.***** This will be expanded
12100 eventually.
12200
12300 QUADF or QUADFX will cause SCORE to produce a file with 5
12400 functions that can be read directly into the MUSIC program. These
12500 functions should be used to control the amplitude of speakers A
12600 through D and the Doppler shift . This is currently the best way to
12700 use QUAD.
12800
12900 Some examples:
13000
13100 To move in a straight line from directly to the left of the listener to
13200 directly to the right.
13300
13400 DUMMY 0 512;
13500 P2 1; < WILL PRODUCE 512 DUMMY NOTES.
13600 P10 QUADFX MOVE/512 -20 20; <The function for spkr A will be F10
13700 P11 0; < The Y pos. will not change. Spkr B will use F11
13800 END;
13900 RUN;
14000
14100
14200 The following will produce a circle with the center directly
14300 between speakers A and B and the arc passing through the listener.
14400 (These routines have not! been fully tested so don't expect full
14500 success with dramatic effects.)
14600
14700 DUMMY 0 512;
14800 P2 1;
14900 P7 QUADF MOV/512 0 360; < Will move through a circle in a
15000 clock-wise direction starting and finishing directly
15100 above the center. F7 will be function for spkr. A.
15200 P8 15; < Radius will be 15 units. F8 will be for spkr B.
15300 P9 0; < X coord. of center. F9 is for spkr C.
15400 P10 15; < Y coord. P10 is for spkr D, P11 for Doppler.
15500 RUN;
15600
15700 Note that the center of the circle and the radius may also be MOVEd.
15800
15900
16000 ****** this info is not complete!!! 6/74 ************
00100 ********** SECTION 10 **********
00200
00300 xxxxx DUTY FACTOR (DF) xxxxx
00400
00500 Normally DF=1, i.e. The envelope for a .5" note will last exactly
00600 .5". If DF=.3, the envelope will last .15" (i.e. .5*.3) followed by
00700 .35" of silence. 'DF' may be set with any of the ways of dealing
00800 with simple numbers. 'DF' should appear immediately after the
00900 parameter number (and a space), then any other code word pertaining
01000 to numbers may be used. (Use any parameter not needed by the
01100 instrument.)
01200
01300 Example: P6 DF NUM; List of numbers will be duty factors.
01400 1/.5/.7/1*; If P2=.5, the notes will all start at .5"
01500 intervals.
01600
01700 or: P6 DF MOVE/10 1 .3*; The duty factor changes.
01800
01900 or: P6 DF .7; The duty factor remains at 70%.
02000
02100 **** NOTE: DF affects P2 only.
02200 DF should not exceed 1 (i.e. 100%) unless some
02300 provision is made re. overlapping notes of one
02400 instrument (usually forbidden).
02500
02600 *************** INVISIBLE *********************
02700
02800 If the letter I (or the whole word INVISIBLE) is found after an
02900 instrument name, that instrument name, as well as P1 and P2, will
03000 not! print in the score. This is useful for entering changes in SEG
03100 or SYNTH that are to follow set time patterns. When using INVISIBLE,
03200 P3 should usually have some identifier in quotes. If for any reason
03300 it were desired to have the values of P1 and P2 appear after P3,
03400 simply set P4 P1; and P5 P2;. Then consider that what would normally
03500 be P3 will now be entered as P6, etc.
03600
03700
03800 DUM1 INVIS 0 10; The name DUM1, P1 and P2 will be invisible.
03900 P2 1; The two instrument names will
04000 P3 LIT/"GLISS"/"BLOP"*; alternate from note to note.
04100 P4 P1/P5 P2; P4 and P5 will print P1 and P2.
04200 - - - etc.
04300
04400 See SEG and SYNTH for further use of INVISIBLE.
04500 *******Note that Tempo Factor changes will not!! show up when P2 is
04600 transferred to some other parameter.************
04700
04800 ************* TAP (for real time RHYTHM) **************
04900
05000 Use 'TAP' to read in lists of note durations prepared with the
05100 'RHYTHM' program. Such lists are treated by 'SCORE' exactly as if
05200 you had typed in a long string of values under 'NUM'. (The 'RHYthm'
05300 program allows you to tap out note durations with two telegraph keys.
05400 The program is self-instructional.)
05500
05600 Type the name (use 5 spaces) under which you have saved the RHYTHM
05700 list on the line after the parameter number.
05800
05900 Example: P2 TAP; 'BEATS' is the name of the list
06000 BEATS ; created by the 'RHYthm' program.
06100
06200 ('TEMPO' and 'TF'[TEMPO factor] will affect any data in P2 except
06300 that entered by the 'EDIT' and 'INSERT' features.)
06400
06500
06600 ********** RTAP (coordinates real time input parts) ***********
06700
06800 This is similar to 'TAP' except that you must indicate at what points
06900 the parts are to be coordinated. Under the name of the 'RTAP' input
07000 file you must type a string of pairs of numbers. The 1st of each pair
07100 will be a duration in rhythmic units (i.e.quarter notes, whole notes
07200 etc.) the 2nd will be the total num of notes to be fitted into that
07300 rhythmic time.
07400
07500 With 'RTAP' you must consider that the TEMPO is relatively stable
07600 when tapping the rhythm for each part. Any overall TEMPO changes
07700 will be entered with 'TEMPO' or 'CONDUCT'.
07800
07900 In the following example the 1st 7 notes will fit into 1 whole note
08000 (4 basic seconds) of time. Note #8 will begin exactly on the 2nd
08100 whole note of time. The next 14 notes will fit into the next 6
08200 quarter notes of time. finally the last 3 notes will fit into a half
08300 note of time.
08400
08500 Example: P2 RTAP;
08600 RUBAT; Name of 'RTAP' input for this inst.
08700 1/7 /1,2/14 /2/ 3; three pairs.
08800 '*;' will end the list.
08900
09000 ***** DUPL N; *****
09100
09200 Use this for duplicating instruments already set up. This is similar
09300 to 'REP' except that all the parameter data entered to this point
09400 will be copied. 'DUPL' must appear just after an instrument name. A
09500 different begin time may be given the new instrument. The parameter
09600 data in effect at that time will be duplicated, but all further
09700 changes must be dealt with in the ordinary ways. (For MOVE data to be
09800 properly interpreted, the begin times of instruments involved must!
09900 be the same.)
10000
10100 Example: ZAP2 1,30; Starting with note 30 of instrument 1 all
10200 DUPL 2; instrument 2's data will be copied by ZAP2.
10300 P7 25/END; Any parameter may be reset immediately.
10400
10500 Once a parameter is set by 'DUPL' or 'REP' it will continue to follow
10600 any changes occurring in the original or leading instrument unless
10700 the parameter has been reset in the instrument at hand.
10800
10900 BUZZ 0 20/P2 1/P3 C4/P4 400/END;
11000 ZAP 0 20/DUPL 1/P3 E4/END; P3 has been reset.
11100 BUZZ 10/P3 G4/P4 500/END; P4 of ZAP will go to 500, P3 of ZAP will
11200 not change.
11300
11400
11500 'DUPL' will not duplicate 'TAP' input. (In some cases '9999.02' could
11600 be used.)
11700
11800
11900 ***** ALL *****
12000
12100 If several parameters are to be the same for all instruments the word
12200 "ALL" may be inserted after any parameter number. The data in that
12300 parameter will then appear in all instruments with a higher
12400 instrument number used. If some instruments are not to use the "ALL"
12500 data, their data may be entered in the usual way on a later line. It
12600 will override the "ALL" data.
12700
12800 BUZZ 0 1 12 ALL/P2 ALL 1/P3 C4 ALL/P4 200 ALL/END;
12900 This data for all unless changes appear.
13000
13100 HISS /P3 G4/END; 'HISS' changes P3 to G4.
13200
13300 ZAP 0 1 18/P2.7/END; 'ZAP' plays 18 NOTES, P2=.7"
13400
13500 TOOT /RUN; 'TOOT' uses all data of 'BUZZ'.
13600
13700 Special care must be taken when using 'MOVE' with 'ALL'.
13800 Check your score carefully. "ALL" will not work with P31.
13900
14000
00100 ********** SECTION 11 **********
00200
00300 ***** 'SEG' and 'SYNTH' *****
00400
00500 If any functions are to be redefined in the course of a score, by
00600 means of the INVISIBLE feature, 'SEG' and 'SYNTH' may be treated as
00700 'instruments' -- with the difference that P1 and P2 will not be
00800 printed out. P3 will be reserved for the function name plus the
00900 ';'. This data must appear with quotes. (See Section 10.)
01000
01100 Using 'SYNTH', suppose you should wish to change from a mixture of
01200 66% fundamental and 34% 2nd harmonic to 0% fund., 34% 2nd harmonic
01300 and 66% 3rd harmonic over a period of 20 seconds at 1 second
01400 intervals.
01500
01600 Example: DUMY1 INVIS 0 20;
01700 P2 1;
01800 P3 "SYNTH(F1);"; Sets the function number.
01900
02000 P4 1; The first semicolon in the line above is part of
02100 the data.
02200 P5 MOVE/20 .66,0*;
02300 P6 2/P7 .34/P8 3/P9 MOVE/20 0,.66*;
02400 P10 999/END; SYNTH data must always end with '999'.
02500
02600 If the number of parameters needed for 'SYNTH' is to vary from
02700 time to time, set the number to the maximum needed at the beginning
02800 and always set all the unused pairs to 1,0 (fundamental at 0 ampl.).
02900
03000 With 'SEG' there are some special problems since the number of
03100 'steps' must add up to exactly 100 and no numbers may follow the
03200 last amplitude given. Thus if the number of parameters needed is
03300 variable, all those following the last used must contain ';'.
03400
03500 Suppose you wish a glissando rate in F12 to change in 5
03600 steps during 20" from 'SEG(F12);0,1 1,100;' (slow) to 'SEG(F12);0,1
03700 0,80 1,100;' (fast).
03800 Set up 'SEG' with 9 parameters. Set P2 to the times desired for each
03900 change of F12. Use quotes with P3 to enter '(F12);'.
04000
04100 Example: DUMY2 INVIS 0 20 /P2 4/P3 "SEG(F12)"; (P4 will be 0)
04200 P5 1; (P6 will be 0)
04300 P7 NUM/1/20/40/60/80*;
04400 P8 1/P9 100/END ; No '999' is needed with 'SEG'.
04500
04600 ***** Code words not used in conjunction with instrument names *****
04700
04800 INSERT
04900 EDIT
05000 TEMPO
05100 CONDUCT
05200
05300 xxxxx INSERT N1(,N2,N3); xxxxx (Be sure to leave a space before N1.)
05400
05500 This is useful for adding single notes or comments. A total of 19
05600 lines may be added.
05700
05800 A line may be added at a specific point in time or in terms of a note
05900 number.
06000
06100 A single number after insert will be the insert's entry time in
06200 seconds. If two numbers are given, they will be the instrument number
06300 and note number before which the insert will appear. If any 3rd
06400 number is given, 'INSERT' will reproduce several lines of text. To
06500 end the input type '*' in column one of a final line. This will not
06600 appear in the printout.
06700
06800 An entry time in seconds will be in 'basic time', i.e. not affected
06900 by 'TEMPO' or 'TF' changes.
07000
07100 Example: INSERT 2.5; Next line will appear at 2.5" 'basic
07200 time'.
07300 SEG(F2);0,1 1,100;
07400
07500 INSERT 3,45; Next line will appear just before note
07600 45 of inst 3.
07700 PRINT(P4);
07800
07900 INSERT 5,0,1; Next lines will appear at time 5".
08000 P23←526;
08100 RA←0;
08200 RB←0;
08300 * This line will not appear in score.
08400
08500 Up to 75 characters may be entered in each line. A 'comment' for the
08600 score may be typed by beginning the entry with '<' and ending with
08700 ';'. If note data is to be inserted, be careful that P1 and P2 are
08800 consistent with the requirements of the music program.
08900
09000 xxxxx EDIT N1,N2(,N3) xxxxx
09100
09200 'EDIT' allows you to edit any single parameter (except P1) already
09300 written in the score or you may replace the entire list of parameters
09400 for any given note. 'EDIT' supercedes all choices made by other
09500 means.
09600
09700 N1=inst number. N2=note number. N3=parameter number.
09800
09900 If you type only 2 numbers (inst & note numbers), you will have to
10000 insert the instrument name and all! parameters for that note and what
10100 you type will appear exactly as is in the score. Be sure that P1
10200 and P2 are correct. 75 spaces may be used. If you also type the
10300 parameter number, you may enter new data for that parameter and note
10400 only.
10500
10600 When P2 is edited it may only be a number. (Also - P2, when edited,
10700 will not be affected by 'TEMPO' or 'TF'changes.) P3-30 may use up to
10800 5 characters. What you type will appear as is. Do not use quotes.
10900
11000 N.B. If note pitches are edited (using the tempered scale) they must
11100 be entered as C, C/2, CS*4, etc., not as C4, C3, CS6, etc.
11200
11300
11400 xxxxx TEMPO (N) xxxxx
11500
11600 This is used to make TEMPO changes for all instruments at once, 'N'
11700 is begin time (in basic time) of first TEMPO change.
11800
11900 →→→ When TEMPO is used for the 1st time 'N' must!! equal zero. When
12000 'N' is omitted, =0 is assumed. Metronome numbers from 20 up or TEMPO
12100 factors from .1 to 10 may be entered. Any number larger than 10 will
12200 be understood as a MM number.
12300
12400 The duration of a TEMPO change is always in terms of 'basic time',
12500 I.E. when the 'overall TEMPO factor' is 1 or a quarter note=1 sec.
12600 (Of course a quarter note might not equal 1 sec. If TEMPO changes
12700 have been entered with 'RHY'. The important thing is that the TEMPO
12800 factor is '1' until changed by 'TEMPO'.)
12900
13000 P1 and P2 values in 'INSERT' and 'EDIT' notes remain unchanged by
13100 'TEMPO' and 'TF' and hence must be reset.
13200
13300 See Sec. 4 for example.
13400
13500 xxxxx CONDUCT xxxxx
13600
13700 Use 'CONDUCT' to read in a list of TEMPO changes prepared with the
13800 'RHYTHM' program. (See also 'TAP' on page 6.) The list is treated by
13900 score as if you had typed in a TEMPO change for each beat. You
14000 cannot use 'TEMPO' if you use 'CONDUCT'. (You may use 'TF' however.
14100 see page 16.)
14200
14300 Example: CONDUCT ;
14400 60X ; '60X' might be the name of the list created
14500 by the 'RHYTHM' program.
14600
14700 (Note: You cannot use 'TAP' or 'RTAP' with inst 27 if you plan to use
14800 'CONDUCT'.)
14900
15000
15100 ******** SLASHES **********
15200
15300 Many items may be put on one line. Slashes must separate the items
15400 and the line must end with a ';'.
15500
15600 Example: BUZZ 0 10/P2 1/P3 C4 /P5 100/P7 0/END;
15700 ZAP 3,15/P5 .73 /P6 100.2 /END;
15800 HISS 0 5/P2 .1/P3 1 C4,B/RUN;
15900
16000 →→→→ A new line must always be used after the word 'END' .
16100
16200
16300
00100 ********** SECTION 12 **********
00200
00300
00400 ********** How to run 'SCORE' **********
00500
00600
00700 To run 'SCORE' type 'R SCORE'. The TTY will respond by typing 'TYPE
00800 FILE NAME'.
00900
01000 You should type the name of the edit file containing all your
01100 parameter data. Following the file name up to 4 numbers may be
01200 typed. (See also 'TYPE' and 'EDIT' at end of this section.)
01300
01400 N1=TEMPO FACTOR (TF) N2=amplitude factor (ampfac)
01500 N3=seconds to be omitted N4=duration at cutoff
01600
01700 (If you type 'INFO' for the file name a resume of the above and how
01800 many instruments are available is typed out.)
01900
02000 If no numbers are typed the following is assumed: N1=1, N2=1, N3=0,
02100 N4=19999.
02200
02300
02400 The following explains the various possibilities.
02500
02600
02700 xxxxx TF xxxxx
02800
02900
03000 The 'TEMPO FACTOR' controls all time elements in the score. If it is
03100 set to 2, all P1 and P2 time will move twice as fast. (I.e. The time
03200 values will be cut in half.) If it is set to .333, all time will be 3
03300 times as long, etc.
03400
03500 'TF' is set at 1 (or MM=60) at start of program.
03600
03700 None of the time values printed at the top of the score are affected
03800 by the overall TEMPO FACTOR.
03900
04000 The 'TEMPO FACTOR' will always automatically reset itself to '1' at
04100 the end of each run. Any values for P1 or P2 set with 'INSERT' or
04200 'EDIT' will not! be changed by 'TF' or 'TEMPO' changes. If such
04300 values are not reset errors will occur in the sound generating
04400 program.
04500
04600 xxxxx AMPFAC xxxxx
04700
04800 This controls the values in P4 only. If amplitude data occurs in
04900 other parameters leave AMPFAC at 1. If you set AMPFAC (N2) at 1.5,
05000 all P4 numbers will be increased by 50%.
05100 If AMPFAC is to be changed but not 'TF', a 1 or 0 must appear for
05200 'TF'.
05300
05400 Example: TTY -- TYPE FILE NAME
05500 You -- ZOOM 0 1.5 <CR>
05600
05700
05800 xxxxx OMIT xxxxx
05900
06000 Use this for testing small sections of long note lists. Example:
06100 suppose you wish to run only 5 seconds from the end of a 25" list.
06200
06300 Example: ZOOM 0 0 20
06400
06500 Be careful regarding 'INSERT' and 'EDIT' NOTES. The P1 time of such
06600 NOTES is unaffected by 'OMIT'.
06700 Also the 'TEMPO FACTOR' does not interact with 'OMIT' or 'DURATION'.
06800 If you use 'TF' and 'OMIT' together, first get a listing with 'TF'
06900 set as you wish it, then set 'OMIT' according to those time values.
07000 'OMIT' will always automatically reset itself to '0' at the end of
07100 each run.
07200
07300
07400 xxxxx DURATION xxxxx
07500
07600 If you wish to set the actual duration to something less than that
07700 given in the input list type the new duration as the fourth number.
07800
07900 To play the first 10" of a 25" note list type:
08000 ZOOM 0 0 0 10
08100
08200 To play the section from time 6.2" to 12.35" type:
08300 ZOOM 0 0 6.2 12.35
08400
08500 Sometimes roundoff problems occur. Check your note lists carefully.
08600
08700
08800 Next the TTY will type:
08900 'TO DSK=1, TTY=2, BOTH=0, LPT=22, PROOF=3, DEBUG=4'
09000
09100 If you type a '3' the actual duration of the note list will
09200 eventually appear on the TTY and the numbers of items found in the
09300 various lists.
09400
09500 If you type '4', the contents of the 'V array' will be printed.
09600
09700 If you type a second number it will become the initial random number.
09800
09900 If you type any third number it will cause the listing of all input
10000 data to be suppressed. It will not affect the list written on the
10100 disk.
10200
10300 Example: TTY -- 'TO DSK=1, TTY=2, BOTH=0, LPT=22, PROOF=3, DEBUG=4'
10400 You -- 2 399 1
10500
10600
10700
10800
10900
11000
11100
11200 xxxxx TYPE xxxxx
11300
11400 If when SCORE is started you type 'TYPE' instead of a file name a
11500 complete note data-list may be entered directly to SCORE without
11600 recourse to an outside editor. Care must be taken as there is no
11700 provision for backing up to correct an earlier line. After the word
11800 'RUN' is entered all data typed is put into a disk file known as
11900 FOR21.DAT which may be later edited like any other file. If this
12000 data is to be kept it is advisable to rename the file as any later
12100 use of the 'TYPE' feature will create a new FOR21.DAT file.
12200
12300
12400 xxxxx EDIT --- Editing SCORE input as it is read in. xxxxx
12500
12600 If 'EDIT' is given as the file name when SCORE is started each line
12700 of input may be changed. You will be asked again to 'TYPE FILE
12800 NAME'. Now enter the edit file name. As each line appears the
12900 program questions if changes are to be made. 'Y' (=yes) indicates a
13000 change. In this case the complete line, with changes, must be
13100 retyped. A <CR> is taken to mean no changes are desired. No new
13200 lines may be inserted but lines may be lengthed to 72 characters. 'G'
13300 (=go) may be used to escape from this edit mode. If this type of
13400 editing is anticipated when the file is first set up it is advisable
13500 to use very short lines of text.
13600
00100 ********** SECTION 13 **********
00200
00300
00400 ********* SECTIONS ********
00500
00600 If certain blocks of data are to recur they may be given section
00700 names which can be called upon several times.
00800
00900 SECTION A;
01000 TOOT 0 20/P2 .1/P3 NO/B4/A/G*/P4 500/END;
01100 END SECTION;
01200
01300 SECTION B;
01400 BUZZ 0 20/P2 .25/P3 1 C2,G3/P4 800/END;
01500 END SECTION;
01600
01700 BUZZ /P5 F1/END;
01800
01900
02000 TOOT 5 -4/END; A 4" rest begins after time 5".
02100
02200 PLAY A 9;
02300
02400 BUZZ 7 -3/END;
02500
02600 PLAY B 10;
02700
02800 BUZZ 10/P4 150/END;
02900
03000 TOOT 13/P3 NOTES/CS5/DS/E/FS*/END;
03100
03200 PLAY A 18;
03300 RUN;
03400
03500 Sections are identified by any single character. They are terminated
03600 by 'END SECTION'. In the above example, anytime the data appearing
03700 in 'SECTION A' is to be used after its 1st use the line 'PLAY
03800 A,N1,N2;' must appear. N1 and N2 are numbers used to set the begin
03900 time of each play. If N2 is 0 or does not appear the begin time is
04000 in seconds. If 2 numbers appear, the 1st is an instrument number,
04100 the 2nd a note number.
04200
04300 'SECTION' may be used at any time in the data list. A 'PLAY' may
04400 appear anywhere after a section has been designated. At any time the
04500 data of a section may be over-ridden by listing new data for any of
04600 the parameters. Above, at time 10" P4 of BUZZ will change to 150.
04700 etc.
04800
04900 Be sure to check your score carefully when using this feature in
05000 conjunction with 'ALL', 'MOVE', 'DUPL', and 'REP'.
05100
05200
05300
00100 ********** SECTION 14 **********
00200
00300 ∞∞∞∞∞∞ How to play more than a couple of seconds of sound. ∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞
00400
00500 In the sound generating program when '*' appears type: 'RCDFLG←1;'
00600 Type 'BIGBIT←1' if maximum amplitudes are in doubt. This will cause
00700 the computed sound samples to be written out on the disk in a series
00800 of files beginning with the name MUSAA.DMD. If BIGBIT←-1; samples go
00900 to MTA0. Be sure that RCDFLG and/or BIGBIT are set to zero when these
01000 features are not being used.*****
01100
01200 For operation with RCDFLG or BIGBIT it is best if 'LSBUF' is between
01300 1000 and 2000. With RCDFLG you may also type 'DOPLAY←1;' if you wish
01400 each buffer full of sound to play over the speakers while the
01500 computation is proceeding.
01600
01700 When your music has finished computing make a note of the last name
01800 that appears on the TTY. (e.g. MUSAQ)
01900
02000 When in this mode the program writes a 'SAVE' file on the disk after
02100 every 33000 words of omputing. This file bears the name of whatever
02200 you last typed as input to the program plus the extension '.SAV'. If
02300 the computer dies while the program is running, after it is restarted
02400 simply type 'RUN NAME.SAV CORE' where 'NAME' is what you had last
02500 entered and 'CORE' is the proper core size of the job. The job will
02600 take up where it last saved itself.
02700
02800 (If you were writing on MAGTAPE the tape must also be
02900 repositioned with the TAPNEW program.)
03000
03100 To play long pieces you must first convert all your '.DMD' files to
03200 one long file called 'MUSIC.MUS'. This is done by the 'CONNEW'
03300 program. Type 'EX CONNEW[MUS,LCS]'. (EX=execute) For name #1 type
03400 'MUSAA' if that is the first name. (<CR>=MUSAA) Then type the last
03500 name noted earlier. (e.g. MUSAQ)
03600
03700 The TTY will type the file names as the conversion takes place.
03800
03900 Next type 'EX sOUND[MUS,LCS]'. SOUND is self-instructional. If the
04000 UDP (user disk pack) is used it must! be assigned. To play from the
04100 UDP use 'UDPNEW[MUS,LCS]' instead of SOUND.
04200
04300 *** RCDFLG←-1; ***
04400
04500 Use this when running from 5 to 30 seconds of sound. This causes one
04600 long file (MUSAA.DMD) to be written on the disk which can be played
04700 directly by SOUND without any conversion. Be sure to delete
04800 MUSAA.DMD before leaving! With RCDFLG←-1; there are no save
04900 features.
05000
05100 Use the 'TAPNEW[MUS,LCS]' program for storing .DMD files on tape for
05200 later use. To add to files already on tape, type 'END' as name #1.
05300 To move to end of a particular file name, type 'NAME END'. The files
05400 may be converted directly from the tape or, by typing 'RESTORE' as
05500 name #1, they will be written back on the DSK. <CR> as the final name
05600 restores the entire tape.
05700
05800 XXXXXXXX REVERB XXXXXXXXX
05900
06000 If you are using reverberation and are computing your music in
06100 several sections it is necessary to set P2 for the 'RV' instruments
06200 in a special way.
06300
06400 In place of P2 the following must appear: 'DUR(N1,N2,N3)'. N1=P2
06500 N2=SPEED(as set by you someplace earlier) N3=NCHNS(num. of channels).
06600
06700 This is all necessary to avoid having some blank samples (which might
06800 cause clicks) at the ends of sections.
06900
07000 Example: INPUT? TTY:
07100 *RCDFLG←1; (or 'BIGBIT←1;' for 18-bit computation.)
07200 *REVINIT←1;R←0; (assuming 'R' is in the reverb insts.)
07300 *PLAY;RV1 0 DUR(11.3451,4,2);RV2;
07400 *<CNTRL Z>
07500 INPUT? DSK:NAME.DAT
07600 0 0 1 3 5 MUSAA/ 5 7 7 9 MUSAB/
07700 (the numbers are P1 for each note.)
07800 INPUT?
07900
08000 At this point the computation is ended and MUSAA and MUSAB are ready
08100 to be converted for playing.
08200
08300 If a new section is to be begun with a continuation of the
08400 reverberation, the next call on the reverb instruments must be
08500 preceded by:
08600
08700 REVINIT←0;
08800
00100 ********** SECTION 15 **********
00200
00300
00400 The following contains examples of most features of 'SCORE'.
00500
00600
00700 NOTES ; NOTES.DAT will be the name of the note list. (use up
00800 to 5 letters)
00900 If the first column is blank the line will be ignored.
01000 BUZZ ; instrument 1=BUZZ, begin time=0", duration=# of notes
01100 in 'NOTES' (P3).
01200 P2 RHY; RHY=next entries will be in terms of musical rhythm.
01300 4/8/16/1/-8; quarter note, eighth, sixteenth, whole, eighth rest
01400 4,8/1,16; dotted quarter, whole tied to sixteenth
01500 8,16 X 5/2 X 3; five dotted eighths, three half notes
01600 -12/20; -12=1/8 note triplet rest(1/12 of a whole), 20=1/5 of
01700 a quarter
01800 4//8///-8,16; two quarters, three eighths, a dotted eighth rest
01900 16//4/8,16/REP 3,5*; the previous 3 entries will play 5 times
02000 '*' signals the end of the list of entries
02100
02200 P3 NOTES; notes of the tempered scale may be entered
02300 C1/CS/D; C1=lowest C on piano keyboard. S=sharp. F=flat.
02400 DS/E; The octave range will remain the same until changed.
02500 FS4/DS/C/R; F# above middle C, D#, middle C, R=rest.
02600 DF5//D///; Two Db's in 5th octave, four D's.
02700 C3/G/E/G/X 4,3; The pattern is played 3 times.
02800 REP 27; Everything thus far will repeat.
02900 FS6 X 9/FINE*; Nine F#'s, 'FINE' marks conclusion for BUZZ.
03000 '*' concludes list.
03100
03200 P4 NUM; A list of numbers will be entered.
03300 100//200/300 X 4; A total of seven numbers.
03400 50/X 3/9999.02; The sequence 300,300,50 will play twice.
03500 REP 12,3*; The entire string of numbers entered will play 3
03600 times. 9999.02 will cause the data of P2 to appear at
03700 that point.
03800
03900 P5 FUNC; A list of functions. (Use only F1 through F15 in a
04000 list).
04100 2//10 X 3/5*; =F2,F2,F10,F10,F10,F5. 'REP' may also be used.
04200 Every 'list' must end with a '*'.
04300
04400 P6 LIT;
04500 "P3*P4"/"P3+P4"//;Surround items by quotes. 2nd item appears 3 times.
04600 "AS"/",-1"/"1"/*;Comma precedes minus sign. There are no REP features
04700 with LIT.
04800 *; will end list. Last item will appear twice.
04900
05000 Next will be random selection of literal strings.
05100 Use only one line.
05200 The 1st of each pair is a % number.
05300 P7 .2 "P3*P4" .3 "P6" .33 "101.3" .17 "2";
05400 20% of the time it will pick "P3*P4",etc.
05500 P8 MOVE; To move from one number to another over a given dura-
05600 tion.
05700 5 10 150; During 5" P8 will change from 10 to 150.
05800 3 80 43*; During next 3", from 80 to 43.
05900 End with *;. P8 will stay at last number.(43)
06000 P9 MOVE;
06100 6 CS5 FS4*; During 6" P9 will move down from C# to F#.
06200 ; After 6" it will stay on F#.
06300
06400 P10 MOVE/20 10,40 100,400; If there are 5 numbers, the last two pairs
06500 10 30,100 30,30*; will be random selection ranges. (see comments)
06600
06700 P11 MOVE/11.4 C2,F2 G3,C5; Moving ranges of random selection of temp-
06800 ered notes.
06900 3 A4,A4 A4,A4; Stays on A for 3".
07000 5 A4,A4 C2,F2*; Returns to change of departure.
07100 Octave numbers must always be given with 'MOVE'.
07200 END ; Ends entries for this instrument at this begin time.
07300
07400 BUZZ 7.5; Entries beginning at time 7.5"
07500 P7 263.5; This number will repeat for each note until changed.
07600 P5 F11; " function " " " " " " ".
07700 (up to F15 only)
07800 P9 AS3; This note will " " " " " "(no F's)
07900 If param numbers are skipped, they will print
08000 out as zeros.
08100 Next gives random selection within specified ranges.
08200 30% chance between 1 & 4, 22% between 10 & 15, etc.
08300 P13 .3 1,4 .22 10,15 .18 20,30 .3 55,55 ; (P13 was 0 until now.)
08400 Next gives random selection of tempered notes.
08500 P15 .1 CS3,F3 .5 C4,DS4 .4 FS6,B6;
08600 P16 1 10,20; 100% of the time, a number between 10 and 20.
08700 P14 P13; Will repeat selections of P13 in P14.
08800 P17 9999.02/END; This repeats data of P2.
08900 Ends entries for BUZZ at time 7.5"
09000
09100 TOOT 0 2,15; Inst 2=TOOT, begin time=0",
09200 2,15 means inst2 will play 15 notes.
09300 P2 REP; Will repeat data of previous
09400 instrument for this param number.
09500 P3 REP 9; Repeats P9 of previous instrument.
09600 P5 REP 3,2; Repeats P3 of instrument 2.
09700 (i.e. TOOT. just ';' does the same.)
09800 P6 REP 6,1 4; Will repeat P6 of inst 1 in this
09900 and all insts through #4.
10000 P31 .05; P31 sets random tempo range to + or - .05"
10100 It will never vary more than .15"
10200 P32 .2/END; P32 sets % of random rests.
10300
10400 CLAR 2 9.45; Begin time=2", dur=9.45".
10500 P2 RHY/TEMPO; TEMPO will be set for this instrument individually.
10600 7 84 112; Moves from MM=84 to MM=112 during 7".(7 quarter NOTES)
10700 11.3 112 46; Retards to MM=46 during 11.3".
10800 1 96 96*; Shifts to MM=96, stays there.
10900 '*;' ends 'TEMPO' entries.
11000 4 X 7/8,16/16/REP 2,15*; Rhythmic items follow directly.
11100
11200 P3 C4/P4 100/P5 ;P5 will repeat data of param just before.
11300 (Don't use with P31-32)
11400 P32 MOVE; (the above = rep 3,4;)
11500 4 .1 .5; Random rests will change from 10% to 50% in 4".
11600 3 .6 0*; " " " " " 60% to 0% in 3".
11700 A '*;' is needed to end 'MOVE' entries.
11800 END ;
11900
12000 ZAP 0 8; Inst 4=ZAP, begin time=0", duration=8".
12100 DUPL 2; Will duplicate all data of inst 2 (TOOT) thus
12200 far entered.
12300 P2 RTAP; Rhythm from telegraph keys, to be coordinated.
12400 NAME ; 1st five spaces=name of rhythm data file.
12500 1,4,8/15 /1,1/7 /2,16/5*; Coordination comes on 16th,
12600 and 23rd notes and at end.
12700 '*;' ends 'RTAP' data.
12800 P4 123/END ; P4 is reset immediately.
12900 TOOT 2,5; Next entries begin on note 5 of instrument 2.
13000 P2 TAP; For rhythm entered with telegraph keys.
13100 NAME2 ; 1st five spaces=name of rhythm data file.
13200 P7 REP 4,3; Data of P4, inst 3 will be repeated.
13300 P8 "P3*P4/2+P16"; This literal string will appear for each note.
13400 P10 SUBN; This will call a subroutine and print numbers.
13500 P11 SUBL/END; " " " " " " " letters.
13600 Be sure to leave at least 1 space after 'INSERT' or 'EDIT'.
13700 INSERT 2.3; Line will appear at time 2.3" (basic time!).
13800 P24←21.3*P4+P8/P11; <Up to 75 characters (including
13900 this comment) will appear.
14000
14100 INSERT 2,7; The next line will appear just before note 7 of inst 2.
14200 PRINT P1;
14300
14400 EDIT 1,8,4; The next will replace P4 in note 8 of inst 1.
14500 440 ; Up to 5 characters may be used (don't include the ; !!)
14600
14700 EDIT 3,11;If no param num is given the entire note must be entered.
14800 CLAR 2.3 .13 AS*2 250; <Up to 75 spaces may be used.
14900 Be sure P1&2 are OK.
15000
15100 TEMPO; 'TEMPO' changes outside of a particular inst will affect
15200 11 72 144; P2 for all insts. Be sure to check any time factors
15300 6 144 108; in other params and all data entries
15400 5 108 /72*; which are time dependent. '*' ends TEMPO entries.
15500 RUN;
15600
00100 ********** SECTION 16 **********
00200
00300 *********** Some Supplemental Programs ************
00400
00500 ****** CONNEW ********
00600
00700 This program reads the .DMD files which are created by MUS10 when
00800 BIGBIT or RCDFLG are set to any non-zero value. A single long file
00900 named MUSIC.MUS is created which is used for the real-time play.
01000
01100 If the IBM 'User Disk Pack' is to be used the UDP must be assigned in
01200 advance. ALWAYS!! BE SURE THAT THE CORRECT UDP IS MOUNTED!!!!!!!!
01300
01400 If CONNEW is asked to read from MAGTAPE it will ask you to type
01500 'MAXAMP'. MAXAMP is the amplitude number that appears at your TTY
01600 when the last .DMD file of your computation is completed. (Just
01700 before INPUT ? appears again.)
01800
01900 When all the .DMD files have been converted CONNEW will ask 'MORE ?'
02000 To add another set of files type YES, otherwise NO or <CR>.
02100
02200
02300 ******* PLAY, SOUND, GAR50, UDPNEW ************ (All on [MUS,LCS] )
02400
02500 All these programs are used for real-time play.
02600
02700 PLAY reads a single file (MUSAA.DMD or MUSIC.MUS) from the disk at
02800 speeds 1, 2 or 3. If PLAY is to be used set RCDFLG←-1.
02900
03000 SOUND plays directly from the IBM 3330 disk. GAR50 copies MUSIC.MUS
03100 to the LIBRASCOPE disk. (Use GAR50 for 4-channel sound.)
03200
03300 UDPNEW plays from the IBM 'User Disk Pack'. The UDP must be assigned
03400 in advance.
03500
03600 The 'SPEED' numbers are as follows:
03700
03800 10000 SRATE = 3
03900 20000 " = 1 (or 10000 SRATE in stereo.)
04000 25000 " = 2
04100 50000 " = 4 (or 25000 SRATE in stereo.)
04200 100000 " = 5 (or 25000 SRATE in quadriphonic.)
04300
04400
04500 ************ TAPNEW ************
04600
04700 This program is for putting .DMD files onto MAGTAPE. Ordinarily the
04800 program will copy the .DMD files from the disk onto MTA0 in such a
04900 form that they may be converted directly by CONNEW.
05000
05100 TAPNEW may also be used to restore .DMD files to the disk or copy
05200 them from MTA1 to MTA0.
05300
05400 To restore to disk, type RESTORE when the program asks for NAME #1.
05500 To copy to MTA1, type COPY " " " " " " ".
05600 To add more to tape, type END " " " " " " ".
05700
05800 Other commands that may also be given are BACKSPACE and RESET. If the
05900 system dies while you are computing with BIGBIT←-1 you must! use
06000 BACKSPACE to get back to the proper position on the tape before you
06100 run the appropriate .SAV file.
06200
06300 RESET is used to set the tape in proper position to continue writing
06400 with BIGBIT←-1 after CONNEW has been used.
06500
00100 ********** INDEX **********
00200
00300 SECTION NUMBER
00400
00500 ALL . . . 10
00600 AMPLITUDE FACTOR . . 12
00700 BASIC TIME . . . 9,11 RHYTHM . . . 4,10
00800 BEGIN TIME . . . 1 RTAP . . . 10,11
00900 BIGBIT . . . 14 RUN . . . 2,12
01000 BLANK LINES . . . 1,5 SECTIONS . . . 13
01100 CODE WORDS . . . 4 SEG . . . 11
01200 COMMA . . . 9 SEMICOLON . . . 1,8
01300 COMMENTS . . . 1 SLASH . . . 12
01400 CONDUCT . . . 11 SPEED . . . 16
01500 CONNEW . . . 16 STAR . . . 4
01600 COUNT . . . 9 SUBROUTINES(SUBN,SUBL) . 9
01700 DOPLAY . . . 14 SYNTH . . . 11
01800 DUPLICATE . . . 10 TAP . . . 10,11
01900 DURATION . . . 1,9,12,14,16 TELEGRAPH KEYS . . . 10
02000 DUTY FACTOR . . . 10 TEMPO . . . 4,10,11
02100 EDIT . . . 11,12 TEMPO FACTOR . . 4,10,12
02200 END . . . 2,5 TYPE . . . 12
02300 X . . . 5,8
02400 FINE . . . 5
02500 FUNCTIONS . . . 2,5 ZERO . . . 2
02600 INSERT . . . 11
02700 INVERSION . . . 7
02800 INVISIBLE . . . 10,11
02900 LETTERS . . . 5
03000 LITERAL . . . 5
03100 LSBUF . . . 14
03200 METRONOME . . . 4
03300 MOTIVES . . . 7
03400 MOVE,MOVX . . . 8
03500 NOTES . . . 2,5
03600 NOTES,EDITED . . . 11
03700 NUMBERS . . . 2,5
03800 OMIT . . . 12
03900 P2 . . . 4,5,8,9,10,12,14
04000 PLAY . . . 16
04100 PRINT . . . 11
04200 PROXIMITY MODE . . . 5
04300 QUAD . . . . . . . . 9
04400 RANDOM LISTS . . . 6
04500 RANDOM SELECTION . . 3,8
04600 RCDFLG . . . 14,16
04700 REP,REPEAT . . . 2,4,6,10
04800 RESERVED NUMBER(9999.) . . . 2,6
04900 RESTART . . . 1
05000 RESTS . . . 4,5,15
05100 RETROGRADE . . . 7
05200 REVERBERATION . . . 14